Interview with Dr Tom Michaud on "2movementguys"

This interview with Dr Tom Michaud was conducted on 19th December 2017 with the "2 Movement Guys", Adam Wolf,PT and Nicholas Studholme, DC. It is an enjoyable general chat about orthoses, strength and some general lower limb management tips.

"Interested in orthotics, biomechanics, and foot function? Check out the recent podcast with Dr. Tom Michaud D.C., author of Human Locomotion: The Conservative Management of Gait-Related Disorders, as used in physical therapy, chiropractic, pedorthic, and podiatry schools around the world. Tom is a wealth of clinically relevant and easily applicable information. This is going to be worth your time!"

Podcast here:

References in this Podcast include:

Titanium rods and tibio-femoral rotation

1. Lafortune, M. A., et al. "Three-dimensional kinematics of the human knee during walking." Journal of biomechanics 25.4 (1992): 347-357.
2. Reinschmidt, C., et al. "Tibiofemoral and tibiocalcaneal motion during walking: external vs. skeletal markers." Gait & Posture6.2 (1997): 98-109.

Shoes increase muscle activation​

1. Kelly LA, Lichtwark GA, Farris DJ, Cresswell A. Shoes alter the spring-like function of the human foot during running. J R Soc Interface. 2016; 13(109):20160174

Anterior Reach Test and Ankle Sprains

1. Gribble P, et al. Prediction of lateral ankle sprains and football players based on clinical tests and body mass index. Am J Sports Med. 2015. 44; 2:460.
2. Stiffler M, et al. Star excursion balance test anterior asymmetry is associated with injury status in Division I collegiate athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017;47:339–346

Foot strength testing:

1. Spink, Martin J., Mohammad R. Fotoohabadi, and Hylton B. Menz. "Foot and ankle strength assessment using hand-held dynamometry: reliability and age-related differences." Gerontology 56.6 (2010): 525-532.

Effects of extrinsic plantarflexors on forefoot loads

1. Ferris L, Sharkey N, Smith T, et al. Influence of extrinsic plantar flexors on forefoot loading during heel rise. Foot Ankle. 1995;16:464-473.
2. Jacob, H. Forces acting in the forefoot during normal gait: an estimate. Clinical Biomechanics. 2001;16:783-792.

Fascia anatomy, Meissner and Merkel's disc receptors

1. Stecco, Carla, and Robert Schleip. "A fascia and the fascial system." Journal of bodywork and movement therapies 20.1 (2016): 139-140.
2. Robbins SE, Gouw GJ, Hanna AM. Running-related injury prevention through innate impact-moderating behavior. Med Sci Sports Exerc.1989;21:130-139.

Decerebrate cat and walking

1. Whelan, Patrick J. "Control of locomotion in the decerebrate cat." Progress in neurobiology 49.5 (1996): 481-515.

Prolonged Isometric Contractions can rewire the Cortex

1. Fisher et al. Evidence of altered cortical motor excitability following targeted activation of gluteus maximus training in healthy individuals. NeuroReport: April 13,2016;27:415-421.

Back Pain and Achilles Injuries

1. Maffulli, N., et al. "Achilles tendon rupture and sciatica: a possible correlation." British Journal of Sports Medicine 32.2 (1998): 174.

Lumbar degeneration and ankle OA

1. Boiwka AV, Bajwa NS, Toy JO, et al. Lumbar degenerative disc disease and tibiotalar joint arthritis: a 710-specimen postmortem study. Am J Orthop 2015;44(4):E100-E105: 

256Hz Tuning Fork and talo-crural arthritis

1. Frost, Lydia R., et al. "Deficits in foot skin sensation are related to alterations in balance control in chronic low back patients experiencing clinical signs of lumbar nerve root impingement." Gait & posture 41.4 (2015): 923-928.

Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments and Ankle Sprains

1. Burcal C, Wikstrom E. Plantar Cutaneous Sensitivity With and Without Cognitive Loading in People With Chronic Ankle Instability, Copers, and Uninjured Controls. J Orthop Sp Phys Ther. April 2016.
2. McKeon P, Wikstrom E. Sensory-Targeted Ankle Rehabilitation Strategies for Chronic Ankle Instability. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015

Vibrating motors and core proprioception

1. Eklund G, Hagbarth K. Normal variability of tonic vibration reflexes in man. Exp. Neurol.1966; 16, 80–92
2. Lee G, Cho Y, Beom J, et al. Evaluating the Differential Electrophysiological Effects of the Focal Vibrator on the Tendon and Muscle Belly in Healthy People. Ann Rehabil Med. 2014; Aug;38(4):494-505.
3. Claeys K, Dankaerts W, Janssens L, et al. Young individuals with a more ankle-steered proprioceptive control strategy may develop mild nonspecific low back pain. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2015;25(2):329–338.

Diaphragm and core stability

1. Janssens L, Pijnenburg M, Claeys K, et al. Postural strategy and back muscle oxygenation during inspiratory muscle loading. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2013;45(7):1355–62.
2. Harms C, Babcock M, McClaran S, et al. Respiratory muscle work compromises leg blood flow during maximal exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1997;82:1573-1583.
3. Borghi-Silva A, Oliveira C, Carrascosa C, et al. A respiratory muscle unloading improves leg muscle oxygenation during exercise in patients with COPD. Thorax. 2008;63:910–915.
4. Claeys, K., Brumagne, S., Dankaerts, W. et al. Decreased variability in postural control strategies in young people with non-specific low back pain is associated with altered proprioceptive reweighting. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111:115-123. 
5. Janssens L, Brumagne S, McConnell AK, Hermans G, Troosters T, Gayan-Ramirez G. Greater diaphragm fatigability in patients with recurrent low back pain. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2013;188(2):119–23.
6. Puckree T, Cerny F, and Bishop B. Abdominal motor unit activity during respiratory and nonrespiratory tasks. J Appl Physiol. 1998;84:1707–1715.
7. Massery M, Hagins M, Stafford R, Moerchen V, Hodges PW. Effect of airway control by glottal structures on postural stability. J Appl Physiol. 2013;115(4):483–90.
8. Janssens L, Pijnenburg M, Claeys K, McConnell AK, Troosters T, Brumagne S. Postural strategy and back muscle oxygenation during inspiratory muscle loading. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2013;45(7):1355–62

​Orthotics and Proprioception

1. Hatton AL1, Dixon J, Martin D, Rome K. The effect of textured surfaces on postural stability and lower limb muscle activity. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2009 Oct;19(5):957-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.04.012. Epub 2008 Jun 18.

​Minimalist Shoes and Injury

1. Salzler, Matthew J., et al. "Injuries observed in minimalist runners." Foot & Ankle International 33.4 (2012): 262-266.

Effect of Heel Elevation on Injuries

1. Malisoux, Laurent, et al. "Influence of the heel-to-toe drop of standard cushioned running shoes on injury risk in leisure-time runners: a randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up." The American journal of sports medicine 44.11 (2016): 2933-2940.

Effect of Arch Height on Injury Risk:

1. Nielsen RO, Buist I, Parner ET, Nohr EA, Sorensen H, Lind M et al. Foot pronation is not associated with increased injury risk in novice runners wearing a neutral shoe: a 1-year prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48:440-447.

Popliteus management

1. Article on Popliteal Tendonitis by Dr Thomas Michaud

Knee Valgus  Drop in Division 1 Female College Athletes

1. ​Joseph, Michael, et al. "Knee valgus during drop jumps in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes: the effect of a medial post." The American journal of sports medicine 36.2 (2008): 285-289.

Varus post does not change to amount of rearfoot pronation

1. Ferber, Reed, Irene McClay Davis, and Dorsey S. Williams. "Effect of foot orthotics on rearfoot and tibia joint coupling patterns and variability." Journal of biomechanics 38.3 (2005): 477-483.

Resonance of Soft Tissues in Different Shoes Conditions

1. Wakeling, James M., Benno M. Nigg, and Antra I. Rozitis. "Muscle activity damps the soft tissue resonance that occurs in response to pulsed and continuous vibrations." Journal of Applied Physiology 93.3 (2002): 1093-1103.
2. ​​Wakeling, James M., and Benno M. Nigg. "Modification of soft tissue vibrations in the leg by muscular activity." Journal of applied physiology 90.2 (2001): 412-420.

​Samuel Adams Beer - Boston Lager